Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée
Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée
Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée

Publications

2022

  • Study of the Readout of AC-LGAD Sensor and ALTIROC Chip Assemblies
    • D’amen G
    • de la Taille C
    • Giacomini G
    • Marchand D
    • Morenas M
    • Munoz Camacho C
    • Rossi E
    • Seguin-Moreau N
    • Serin L
    • Tricoli A
    • Wang P.K
    , 2022. The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for a wide variety of applications. This can be achieved by leveraging new sensor designs, such as the AC-coupled Low Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD). This type of silicon detector has already shown excellent timing performances while also providing high spatial resolution and is therefore considered a promising candidate for future detectors to provide 4-dimensional measurements of particle interactions. While previous works detailed the possibility to readout these sensors using chips designed for standard (DC-)LGAD sensors, here we focus on the study of the operational specification of a complete AC-LGAD based detector. Fundamental readout parameters such as the minimum charge sensitivity, noise level, and signal jitter have been evaluated for AC-LGAD sensors designed and fabricated at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA). These sensors have been coupled to a fast-time ASIC, the ATLAS LGAD Timing Integrated Read-Out Chip (ALTIROC), developed by Omega/IJCLab (France) for the ATLAS timing detector at the HL-LHC. The studies shown are used as a basis for the creation and optimization of a dedicated AC-LGAD readout ASIC. (10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10398963)
    DOI : 10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10398963
  • Irradiation Testing of HGCROC3: the Front-End Readout ASIC for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter
    • Vernazza Elena
    • Beaudette Florian
    • Davignon Olivier
    • de La Taille Christophe
    • Thienpont Damien
    , 2022. The HGCROC3 is the final version of the front-end ASIC designed to readout the 6 million channels of the future HGCAL detector. Along with cutting-edge specifications in terms of low noise, time measurement precision, and ability to contribute to the Level-1 trigger decision, one of the key requirements for the HGCROC3 is a high radiation tolerance.Several irradiation campaigns have been carried out on HGCROC3 prototypes, with particular emphasis on the Total Integrated Dose (TID) and the Single-Event Effect (SEE) tests. In the context of the TID campaign, results are presented in terms of power consumption, charge and time measurement performance, clocks, and serial links robustness. Although previous versions of the same ASIC architecture show encouraging results in terms of SEE hardness, in this final version of the chip a special care is taken to reach the radiation tolerance requirement for critical blocks such as the digital counters, the clocks and the serializers. The corresponding studies of SEE effects on these components are also reported in this contribution. (10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10399091)
    DOI : 10.1109/NSS/MIC44845.2022.10399091
  • Implications of Mini-EUSO measurements for a space-based observation of UHECRs
    • Bertaina Mario Edoardo
    • Barghini Dario
    • Battisti Matteo
    • Belov Alexander
    • Bianciotto Marta
    • Bisconti Francesca
    • Blaksley Carl
    • Blin Sylvie
    • Bolmgren Karl
    • Cambiè Giorgio
    • Capel Francesca
    • Casolino Marco
    • Churilo Igor
    • Crisconio Marino
    • de La Taille Christophe
    • Ebisuzaki Toshikazu
    • Eser Johannes
    • Fenu Francesco
    • Filippatos George
    • Franceschi Massimo Alberto
    • Fuglesang Christer
    • Golzio Alessio
    • Gorodetzky Philippe
    • Kajino Fumiyoshi
    • Kasuga Hiroshi
    • Klimov Pavel
    • Kungel Viktoria
    • Kuznetsov Vladimir
    • Manfrin Massimiliano
    • Marcelli Laura
    • Mascetti Gabriele
    • Marszał Włodzimierz
    • Mignone Marco
    • Miyamoto Hiroko
    • Murashov Alexey
    • Napolitano Tommaso
    • Ohmori Hitoshi
    • Olinto Angela
    • Parizot Etienne
    • Picozza Piergiorgio
    • Piotrowski Lech Wiktor
    • Plebaniak Zbigniew
    • Prévôt Guillaume
    • Reali Enzo
    • Ricci Marco
    • Romoli Giulia
    • Sakaki Naoto
    • Sharakin Sergei
    • Shinozaki Kenji
    • Szabelski Jacek
    • Takizawa Yoshiyuki
    • Valentini Giovanni
    • Vrabel Michal
    • Wiencke Lawrence
    • Zotov Mikhail
    , 2023, 283, pp.06008. Mini-EUSO is the first mission of the JEM-EUSO program on board the International Space Station. It was launched in 2019 and it is currently located in the Russian section (Zvezda module) of the station and viewing our planet from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window. The instrument is based on the concept of the original JEM-EUSO mission and consists of an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44° × 44°. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near UV range (predominantly between 290 nm and 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and different temporal resolutions of 2.5 µ, 320 µs and 41 ms. Mini-EUSO observations are extremely important to better assess the potential of a space-based detector in studying Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) such as K-EUSO and POEMMA. In this contribution we focus the attention on UV measurements, the observation of clouds and of certain categories of events that Mini-EUSO triggers with the shortest temporal resolution. We place them in the context of UHECR observations from space, namely the estimation of exposure and sensitivity to Extensive Air Showers. (10.1051/epjconf/202328306008)
    DOI : 10.1051/epjconf/202328306008
  • An end-to-end in-flight calibration of Mini-EUSO detector
    • Miyamoto Hiroko
    • Battisti Matteo
    • Barghini Dario
    • Belov Alexander
    • Bertaina Mario
    • Bianciotto Marta
    • Bisconti Francesca
    • Blaksley Carl
    • Blin Sylvie
    • Bolmgren Karl
    • Cambiè Giorgio
    • Capel Francesca
    • Casolino Marco
    • Churilo Igor
    • Crisconio Marino
    • de la Taille Christophe
    • Ebisuzaki Toshikazu
    • Eser Johannes
    • Fenu Francesco
    • Filippatos George
    • Franceschi Massimo Alberto
    • Fuglesang Christer
    • Golzio Alessio
    • Gorodetzky Philippe
    • Kajino Fumiyoshi
    • Kasuga Hiroshi
    • Klimov Pavel
    • Kungel Viktoria
    • Kuznetsov Vladimir
    • Manfrin Massimiliano
    • Marcelli Laura
    • Mascetti Gabriele
    • Marszał Włodzimierz
    • Mignone Marco
    • Murashov Alexey
    • Napolitano Tommaso
    • Ohmori Hitoshi
    • Olinto Angela
    • Parizot Etienne
    • Picozza Piergiorgio
    • Piotrowski Lech Wiktor
    • Plebaniak Zbigniew
    • Prévôt Guillaume
    • Reali Enzo
    • Ricci Marco
    • Romoli Giulia
    • Sakaki Naoto
    • Sharakin Sergei
    • Shinozaki Kenji
    • Szabelski Jacek
    • Takizawa Yoshiyuki
    • Valentini Giovanni
    • Vrabel Michal
    • Wincke Lawrence
    • Zotov Mikhail
    , 2023, 283, pp.06017. Mini-EUSO is a wide Field-of-View (FoV, 44°) telescope currently in operation from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). It is the first detector of the JEM-EUSO program deployed on the ISS, launched in August 2019. The main goal of Mini-EUSO is to measure the UV emissions from the ground and atmosphere, using an orbital platform. Mini-EUSO is mainly sensitive in the 290–430 nm bandwidth. Light is focused by a system of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each on the Photo-Detector-Module (PDM), which consists of an array of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs), arranged in blocks of 2 × 2 called Elementary Cells (ECs), for a total of 2304 pixels working in photon counting mode, in three different time resolutions of 2.5 µs (defined as 1 Gate Time Unit, GTU), 320 µs and 40.96 ms operating in parallel. In the longest time scale, the data is continuously acquired to monitor the UV emission of the Earth. It is best suited for the observation of ground sources and therefore has been used for the observational campaigns of the ground-based UV flasher in order to perform an end-to-end calibration of Mini-EUSO. In this contribution, the assembled UV flasher, the operation of the field campaign and the analysis of the obtained data are presented. The result is compared with the overall effi ciency computed from the expectations which takes into account the atmospheric attenuation and the parametrisation of different effects such as the optics effi ciency, the MAPMT detection effi ciency, BG3 filter transmittance and the transparency of the ISS window. (10.1051/epjconf/202328306017)
    DOI : 10.1051/epjconf/202328306017
  • CMS iRPC FEB development and validation
    • Gouzevitch M
    • Samalan A
    • Tytgat M
    • El Sawy M
    • Alves G.A
    • Marujo F
    • Coelho E.A
    • da Costa E.M
    • Nogima H
    • Santoro A
    • Fonseca de Souza S.
    • de Jesus Damiao D
    • Thiel M
    • Mota Amarilo K
    • Barroso Ferreira Filho M.
    • Aleksandrov A
    • Hadjiiska R
    • Iaydjiev P
    • Rodozov M
    • Shopova M
    • Soultanov G
    • Dimitrov A
    • Litov L
    • Pavlov B
    • Petkov P
    • Petrov A
    • Shumka E
    • Qian S.J
    • Gong W
    • Wang N
    • Kou H
    • Liu Z.-A
    • Zhao J
    • Song J
    • Hou Q
    • Diao W
    • Cao P
    • Avila C
    • Barbosa D
    • Cabrera A
    • Florez A
    • Fraga J
    • Reyes J
    • Assran Y
    • Mahmoud M.A
    • Mohammed Y
    • Crotty I
    • Laktineh I
    • Grenier G
    • Della Negra R.
    • Mirabito L
    • Shchablo K
    • Combaret C
    • Tromeur W
    • Galbit G
    • Girerd C
    • Luciol A
    • Chen X
    • Bagaturia I
    • Lomidze I
    • Tsamalaidze Z
    • Amoozegar V
    • Boghrati B
    • Ebraimi M
    • Mohammadi Najafabadi M
    • Zareian E
    • Abbrescia M
    • Iaselli G
    • Pugliese G
    • Loddo F
    • de Filippis N
    • Aly R
    • Ramos D
    • Elmetenawee W
    • Leszki S
    • Margjeka I
    • Paesani D
    • Benussi L
    • Bianco S
    • Piccolo D
    • Meola S
    • Buontempo S
    • Carnevali F
    • Lista L
    • Paolucci P
    • Fienga F
    • Braghieri A
    • Salvini P
    • Montagna P
    • Riccardi C
    • Vitulo P
    • Asilar E
    • Choi J
    • Kim T.J
    • Choi S.Y
    • Hong B
    • Lee K.S
    • Oh H.Y
    • Goh J
    • Yu I
    • Uribe Estrada C.
    • Pedraza I
    • Castilla-Valdez H
    • Sanchez-Hernandez A
    • Fernandez R.L
    • Ramirez-Garcia M
    • Vazquez E
    • Shah M.A
    • Zaganidis N
    • Radi A
    • Hoorani H
    • Muhammad S
    • Ahmad A
    • Asghar I
    • Khan W.A
    • Eysermans J
    • Torres da Silva de Araujo F.
    • Callier S
    • de la Taille C
    , 2024, 1064, pp.169400. In view of the High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC, the forward CMS Muon spectrometer will be extended with two new stations of improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) covering the pseudorapidity range from 1.8 to 2.4. Compared to the present RPC system, the gap thickness is reduced to lower the avalanche charge, and an innovative 2D strip readout geometry is proposed. These improvements will allow iRPC detector to cope with higher background rates. A new Front-End-Board (FEB) is designed to readout iRPC signals with a threshold as low as 30fC and an integrated Time Digital Converter with a resolution of 30ps. In addition, the communication bandwidth is significantly increased by using optical fibers. The history, final design, certification, and calibration of this FEB are presented. (10.1016/j.nima.2024.169400)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2024.169400
  • Performance of ALTIROC2 readout ASIC with LGADs for ATLAS HGTD picosecond MIP timing detector
    • Morenas M.
    , 2023, 18 (01), pp.C01070. ALTIROC2 is a 225-channel ASIC designed in CMOS 130 nm to read out a 15 × 15 matrix of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) for the ATLAS HGTD (High Granularity Timing Detector). The targeted combined time resolution of the sensor and its readout electronics range from 35 ps/hit (initial) to 65 ps/hit (end of operational lifetime). Each ASIC channel integrates a high-speed preamplifier followed by a high speed discriminator and two TDCs for Time-of-Arrival and Time-Over-Threshold measurements as well as a local memory. This front-end must exhibit a small jitter while keeping a challenging power consumption of less than 4.5 mW per channel. This conference proceeding summarizes the ASIC architecture, its measured performances compared to simulation, along with the requirements for the ATLAS HGTD experiments. (10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01070)
    DOI : 10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01070
  • A high-resolution clock phase shifter circuitry for ALTIROC
    • Huang X.
    • de La Taille C.
    • Gong D.
    • Liu C.
    • Liu T.
    • Morenas M.
    • Seguin-Moreau N.
    • Ye J.
    • Zhang L.
    , 2023, 18 (01), pp.C01057. A high-resolution clock phase shifter is implemented to adjust the phase of multiple clocks at 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 640 MHz in the ALTIROC chip. The phase shifter has a coarse-phase shifter and a fine-phase shifter to achieve a step size of 97.7 ps and an adjustable range of 25 ns. The fine delay unit is based on a Delay Locked Loop (DLL) operating at 640 MHz. The phase shifter is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. The area of the phase shifter is 725 µm × 248 µm. The Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) and the Integral Non-Linearity (INL) are ±0.6 LSB and ±0.75 LSB, respectively. The jitter from −25 °C to 20 °C is less than 15.5 ps (RMS), including the contributions from the FPGA clock source and the PLL. The power consumption is 11.2 mW. (10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01057)
    DOI : 10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01057
  • HKROC: an integrated front-end ASIC to readout photomultiplier tubes for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment
    • Conforti Di Lorenzo S.
    • Afiri A.
    • Bolognesi S.
    • Bombardi G.
    • Bouyjou F.
    • Callier S.
    • de la Taille C.
    • Dinaucourt P.
    • Drapier O.
    • Dulucq F.
    • El Berni A.
    • Extier S.
    • Firlej M.
    • Fiutowski T.A.
    • Gastaldi F.
    • Guilloux F.
    • Idzik M.
    • Marchioro A.
    • Mghazli A.
    • Molenda A.
    • Moron J.
    • Nanni J.
    • Quilain B.
    • Raux L.
    • Swientek K.P.
    • Thienpont D.
    • Vergine T.
    , 2023, 18 (01), pp.C01035. The HKROC ASIC was originally designed to readout the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for the Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) experiment. HKROC is a very innovative ASIC capable of readout a large number of channels satisfying stringent requirements in terms of noise, speed and dynamic range. Each HKROC channel features a low-noise preamplifier and shapers, a 10-bit successive approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR-ADC) (designed by AGH Krakow) for the charge measurement (up to 2500 pC) and a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) (designed by CEA IRFU group) for the Time-of-Arrival (ToA) measurement with 25 ps binning. HKROC is auto-triggered and includes all necessary ancillary services as bandgap circuit, PLL (Phase-locked loop) and threshold DACs (Digital to Analog Converters). This paper will describe the ASIC architecture and the experimental results of the first HKROC prototype received in January 2022. (10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01035)
    DOI : 10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/C01035
  • Recent progress and future prospects of hyperon nucleon scattering experiment
    • Miwa Koji
    • Nanamura Takuya
    • Sakao Tamao
    • Ahn J.K.
    • Akazawa Y.
    • Aramaki T.
    • Ashikaga S.
    • Callier S.
    • Chiga N.
    • Chiga N.
    • Choi S.W.
    • Ekawa H.
    • Evtoukhovitch P.
    • Fujioka N.
    • Fujita M.
    • Gogami T.
    • Harada T.
    • Hasegawa S.
    • Hayakawa S.H.
    • Honda R.
    • Hoshino S.
    • Hosomi K.
    • Ichikawa M.
    • Ichikawa Y.
    • Ieiri M.
    • Ikedai M.
    • Imai K.
    • Ishikawa Y.
    • Ishimoto S.
    • Jung W.S.
    • Kajikawa S.
    • Kanauchi H.
    • Kanda H.
    • Kitaoka T.
    • Kang B.M.
    • Kawai H.
    • Kim S.H.
    • Kobayashi K.
    • Koike T.
    • Matsuda K.
    • Matsumoto Y.
    • Nagao S.
    • Nagatomi R.
    • Nakada Y.
    • Nakagawa M.
    • Nakamura I.
    • Naruki M.
    • Ozawa S.
    • Raux L.
    • Rogers T.G.
    • Sakaguchi A.
    • Sako H.
    • Sato S.
    • Shiozaki T.
    • Shirotori K.
    • Suzuki K.N.
    • Suzuki S.
    • Tabata M.
    • Taille C. D. L.
    • Takahashi H.
    • Takahashi T.
    • Takahashi T.N.
    • Tamura H.
    • Tanaka M.
    • Tanida K.
    • Tsamalaidze Z.
    • Ukai M.
    • Umetsu H.
    • Wada S.
    • Yamamoto T.O.
    • Yoshida J.
    • Yoshimura K.
    , 2022, 271, pp.04001. A new hyperon-proton scattering experiment, dubbed J-PARC E40, was performed to measure differential cross sections of the Σ+p, Σ−p elastic scatterings and the Σ−p → Λn scattering by identifying a lot of Σ particles in the momentum ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 GeV/c produced by the π±p → K+Σ± reactions. We successfully measured the differential cross sections of these three channels with a drastically improved accuracy with a fine angular step. These new data will become important experimental constraints to improve the theories of the two-body baryon-baryon interactions. Following this success, we proposed a new experiment to measure the differential cross sections and spin observables by using a highly polarized Λ beam for providing quantitative information on the ΛN interaction. The results of three Σp channels and future prospects of the Λp scattering experiment are described. (10.1051/epjconf/202227104001)
    DOI : 10.1051/epjconf/202227104001
  • H2GCROC: Design and performance of a dedicated very front-end ASIC for SiPM readout of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter
    • González-Martínez J.D.
    , 2023, 1047, pp.167863. The HGCROC ASICs are dedicated very front-end electronics designed to read out the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), which will replace the present end-cap calorimeters of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration (CMS). The H2GCROC ASIC was especially designed to read out the SiPMs coupled to the scintillating tiles of the back hadronic sections, where the radiation constraints are less severe. Inside the chip, the front-end preamplifier is adapted for the SiPM’s higher signal level, expecting pC/MIP rather than fC/MIP ranges. The chip was received end of 2020 and extensively tested in the lab and test beam. This work examines the very front-end design and performance, including its performance with the sensor. (10.1016/j.nima.2022.167863)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2022.167863
  • EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope trigger test within the EUSO@TurLab Project
    • Battisti Matteo
    • Belov A.
    • Bertaina M.E.
    • Bisconti F.
    • Blin S.
    • Eser J.
    • Filippatos G.
    • Klimov P.
    • Manfrin M.
    • Mignone M.
    • Miyamoto H.
    • Parizot E.
    • Piotrowski L.W.
    • Prévôt G.
    • Santero Mormile E.
    • Sarazin F.
    • Szabelski J.
    • Wiencke L.
    , 2023, 1045, pp.167611. The second generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission is on track to be approved by NASA for a long duration flight (up to 100 days) in 2023 from Wanaka, New Zealand. EUSO-SPB2 will monitor the night atmosphere of the Southern hemisphere from 33 km altitude to detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and search for astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrinos. EUSO-SPB2 features two telescopes, a Cherenkov (CT) and a Fluorescence (FT) Telescope. The hardware implementation and performance of the FT trigger logic were tested at the TurLab facility, hosted at the University of Turin. The tests proved the correct hardware implementation of the trigger logic and its ability to detect <math display="inline" id="d1e438" altimg="si1.svg"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></math> timescale transient signals. (10.1016/j.nima.2022.167611)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2022.167611
  • Status of the K-EUSO Orbital Detector of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
    • Klimov P.
    • Battisti M.
    • Belov A.
    • Bertaina M.
    • Bianciotto M.
    • Blin-Bondil S.
    • Casolino M.
    • Ebisuzaki T.
    • Fenu F.
    • Fuglesang C.
    • Marszał W.
    • Neronov A.
    • Parizot E.
    • Picozza P.
    • Plebaniak Z.
    • Prévôt G.
    • Sakaki M. Przybylak N.
    • Sharakin S.
    • Shinozaki K.
    • Szabelski J.
    • Takizawa Y.
    • Trofimov D.
    • Yashin I.
    • Zotov M.
    Universe, MDPI, 2022, 8 (2), pp.88. K-EUSO (KLYPVE-EUSO) is a planned orbital mission aimed at studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by detecting fluorescence and Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers in the nocturnal atmosphere of Earth in the ultraviolet (UV) range. The observatory is being developed within the JEM-EUSO collaboration and is planned to be deployed on the International Space Station after 2025 and operated for at least two years. The telescope, consisting of &sim;105 independent pixels, will allow a spatial resolution of &sim;0.6 km on the ground, and, from a 400 km altitude, it will achieve a large and full sky exposure to sample the highest energy range of the UHECR spectrum. We provide a comprehensive review of the current status of the development of the K-EUSO experiment, paying special attention to its hardware parts and expected performance. We demonstrate how results of the K-EUSO mission can complement the achievements of the existing ground-based experiments and push forward the intriguing studies of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, as well as bring new knowledge about other phenomena manifesting themselves in the atmosphere in the UV range. (10.3390/universe8020088)
    DOI : 10.3390/universe8020088
  • Optical complex for the study of pulsating aurora with sub-millisecond time resolution on the basis of the Verkhnetulomsky observatory
    • Belov A.A.
    • Klimov P.A.
    • Kozelov B.V.
    • Barrillon P.
    • Blin-Bondil S.
    • Marszał W.
    • Murashov A.S.
    • Parizot E.
    • Prévôt G.
    • Roldugin A.V.
    • Sharakin S.A.
    • Szabelski J.
    • Takizawa Y.
    • Trofimov D.A.
    J.Atmos.Sol.Terr.Phys., 2022, 235, pp.105905. A new telescope-spectrometer was installed at Verkhnetulomsky observatory (68?36'N, 31?47'E) to supplement the data from all-sky cameras with measurements of the fine space-time structure of the auroral luminescence. The telescope uses 5 cm ultraviolet (UV) transparent lens as an optical system and a matrix of multi-anode photomultiplier tubes as a photo detector. The angular resolution of the telescope is 1.2? and the temporal resolution is 0.3 ms. The telescope observes a central part (20?) of the all-sky camera field of view (FOV). Description of both optical instruments and results of the first joint measurements are presented. (10.1016/j.jastp.2022.105905)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.jastp.2022.105905
  • Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip
    • d'Amen G.
    • Chen W.
    • de la Taille C.
    • Giacomini G.
    • Marchand D.
    • Morenas M.
    • Munoz Camacho C.
    • Rossi E.
    • Seguin-Moreau N.
    • Serin L.
    • Tricoli A.
    • Wang P.-K.
    Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, 2022, 17 (11), pp.P11028. The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task. Among other silicon-based candidates, the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has already shown excellent timing performances but proved to be unsuitable for fine pixelization. Therefore, the AC-coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) approach was introduced to provide high resolution in both time and space, making it a promising candidate for future 4D detectors. However, appropriate readout electronics must be developed to match the sensor's fast-time and fine-pitch capabilities. This is currently a major technological challenge. In this paper, we test AC-LGAD prototypes read out by the fast-time ASIC ALTIROC 0, originally developed for the readout of DC-coupled LGADs for the ATLAS experiment at the HL-LHC. Signal generated by either betas from a $^{90}$Sr source or a focused infra-red laser were analyzed. This paper details the first successful readout of an AC-LGAD sensor using a readout chip. This result will pave the way for the design and construction of a new generation of AC-LGAD-based 4D detectors. (10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11028)
    DOI : 10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11028
  • Pre-flight qualification tests of the Mini-EUSO telescope engineering model
    • Bisconti F.
    • Miyamoto H.
    • Barghini D.
    • Battisti M.
    • Belov A.
    • Bertaina M.E.
    • Blin-Bondil S.
    • Cambiè G.
    • Capel F.
    • Casolino M.
    • Cellino A.
    • Conti L.
    • Contino G.
    • Cotto G.
    • Ebisuzaki T.
    • Fenu F.
    • Fornaro C.
    • Franceschi A.
    • Gardiol D.
    • Haungs A.
    • Klimov P.
    • Manfrin M.
    • Marcelli L.
    • Mignone M.
    • Napolitano T.
    • Parizot E.
    • Picozza P.
    • Piotrowski L.W.
    • Prévôt G.
    • Reali E.
    • Ricci M.
    • Shinozaki K.
    • Simioli F.
    • Suino G.
    • Szabelski J.
    Experimental Astronomy, Springer Link, 2022, 53 (1), pp.133-158. Mini-EUSO is part of the JEM-EUSO program and operates on board the International Space Station (ISS). It is a UV-telescope with single-photon counting capability looking at nighttime downwards to the Earth through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window. As part of the pre-flight tests, the Mini-EUSO engineering model, a telescope with 1/9 of the original focal surface and a lens of 2.5 cm diameter, has been built and tested. Tests of the Mini-EUSO engineering model have been made in laboratory and in open-sky conditions. Laboratory tests have been performed at the TurLab facility, located at the Physics Department of the University of Turin, equipped with a rotating tank containing different types of materials and light sources. In this way, the configuration for the observation of the Earth from space was emulated, including the Mini-EUSO trigger schemes. In addition to the qualification and calibration tests, the Mini-EUSO engineering model has also been used to evaluate the possibility of using a JEM-EUSO-type detector for applications such as observation of space debris. Furthermore, observations in open-sky conditions allowed the studies of natural light sources such as stars, meteors, planets, and artificial light sources such as airplanes, satellites reflecting the sunlight, and city lights. Most of these targets could be detected also with Mini-EUSO. In this paper, the tests in laboratory and in open-sky conditions are reported, as well as the obtained results. In addition, the contribution that such tests provided to foresee and improve the performance of Mini-EUSO on board the ISS is discussed. (10.1007/s10686-021-09805-w)
    DOI : 10.1007/s10686-021-09805-w
  • Measurement of differential cross sections for Σ+p elastic scattering in the momentum range 0.44–0.80 GeV/c
    • Nanamura T.
    • Miwa K.
    • Ahn J.K.
    • Akazawa Y.
    • Aramaki T.
    • Ashikaga S.
    • Callier S.
    • Chiga N.
    • Choi S.W.
    • Ekawa H.
    • Evtoukhovitch P.
    • Fujioka N.
    • Fujita M.
    • Gogami T.
    • Harada T.K.
    • Hasegawa S.
    • Hayakawa S.H.
    • Honda R.
    • Hoshino S.
    • Hosomi K.
    • Ichikawa M.
    • Ichikawa Y.
    • Ieiri M.
    • Ikeda M.
    • Imai K.
    • Ishikawa Y.
    • Ishimoto S.
    • Jung W.S.
    • Kajikawa S.
    • Kanauchi H.
    • Kanda H.
    • Kitaoka T.
    • Kang B.M.
    • Kawai H.
    • Kim S.H.
    • Kobayashi K.
    • Koike T.
    • Matsuda K.
    • Matsumoto Y.
    • Nagao S.
    • Nagatomi R.
    • Nakada Y.
    • Nakagawa M.
    • Nakamura I.
    • Naruki M.
    • Ozawa S.
    • Raux L.
    • Rogers T.G.
    • Sakaguchi A.
    • Sakao T.
    • Sako H.
    • Sato S.
    • Shiozaki T.
    • Shirotori K.
    • Suzuki K.N.
    • Suzuki S.
    • Tabata M.
    • Taille C. D L.
    • Takahashi H.
    • Takahashi T.
    • Takahashi T.N.
    • Tamura H.
    • Tanaka M.
    • Tanida K.
    • Tsamalaidze Z.
    • Ukai M.
    • Umetsu H.
    • Wada S.
    • Yamamoto T.O.
    • Yoshida J.
    • Yoshimura K.
    PTEP, 2022, 2022 (9), pp.093D01. We performed a novel Σ^+p scattering experiment at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. Approximately 2400 Σ^+p elastic scattering events were identified from 4.9 × 10^7 tagged Σ^+ particles in the Σ^+ momentum range 0.44–0.80 GeV/c. The differential cross sections of the Σ^+p elastic scattering were derived with much better precision than in previous experiments. The obtained differential cross sections were approximately 2 mb/sr or less, which were not as large as those predicted by the fss2 and FSS models based on the quark cluster model in the short-range region. By performing phase-shift analyses for the obtained differential cross sections, we experimentally derived the phase shifts of the ^3S_1 and ^1P_1 channels for the first time. The phase shift of the ^3S_1 channel, where a large repulsive core was predicted owing to the Pauli effect between quarks, was evaluated as 20∘<|δ3S1|<35∘⁠. If the sign of δ3S1 is assumed to be negative, the interaction in this channel is moderately repulsive, as the Nijmegen extended-sort-core models predicted. (10.1093/ptep/ptac101)
    DOI : 10.1093/ptep/ptac101
  • Precise measurement of differential cross sections of the $\Sigma^-p \to \Lambda n$ reaction in momentum range 470-650 MeV$/c$
    • Miwa K.
    • Ahn J.K.
    • Akazawa Y.
    • Aramaki T.
    • Ashikaga S.
    • Callier S.
    • Chiga N.
    • Choi S.W.
    • Ekawa H.
    • Evtoukhovitch P.
    • Fujioka N.
    • Fujita M.
    • Gogami T.
    • Harada T.
    • Hasegawa S.
    • Hayakawa S.H.
    • Honda R.
    • Hoshino S.
    • Hosomi K.
    • Ichikawa M.
    • Ichikawa Y.
    • Ieiri M.
    • Ikeda M.
    • Imai K.
    • Ishikawa Y.
    • Ishimoto S.
    • Jung W.S.
    • Kajikawa S.
    • Kanauchi H.
    • Kanda H.
    • Kitaoka T.
    • Kang B.M.
    • Kawai H.
    • Kim S.H.
    • Kobayashi K.
    • Koike T.
    • Matsuda K.
    • Matsumoto Y.
    • Nagao S.
    • Nagatomi R.
    • Nakada Y.
    • Nakagawa M.
    • Nakamura I.
    • Nanamura T.
    • Naruki M.
    • Ozawa S.
    • Raux L.
    • Rogers T.G.
    • Sakaguchi A.
    • Sakao T.
    • Sako H.
    • Sato S.
    • Shiozaki T.
    • Shirotori K.
    • Suzuki K.N.
    • Suzuki S.
    • Tabata M.
    • Taille C.D.L.
    • Takahashi H.
    • Takahashi T.N.
    • Tamura H.
    • Tanaka M.
    • Tanida K.
    • Tsamalaidze Z.
    • Ukai M.
    • Umetsu H.
    • Wada S.
    • Yamamoto T.O.
    • Yoshida J.
    • Yoshimura K.
    Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society, 2022, 128 (7), pp.072501. The differential cross sections of the <math display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>n</mi></math> reaction were measured accurately for the <math display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> momentum (<math display="inline"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></msub></math>) ranging from 470 to <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>650</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></math> at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. Precise angular information about the <math display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>n</mi></math> reaction was obtained for the first time by detecting approximately 100 reaction events at each angular step of <math display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>cos</mi><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn></math>. The obtained differential cross sections show a slightly forward-peaking structure in the measured momentum regions. The cross sections integrated for <math display="inline"><mo>-</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>cos</mi><mi>θ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.0</mn></math> were obtained as <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>22.5</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.68</mn></mrow></math> [statistical error(stat.)] <math display="inline"><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.65</mn></mrow></math> [systematic error(syst.)] mb and <math display="inline"><mn>15.8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.83</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>stat</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.52</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>syst</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>mb</mi></math> for <math display="inline"><mn>470</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>550</mn></math> and <math display="inline"><mn>550</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>650</mn></math>, respectively. These results show a drastic improvement compared with past measurements of the hyperon-proton scattering experiments. They will play essential roles in updating the theoretical models of the baryon-baryon interactions. (10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.072501)
    DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.072501
  • A Review of the EUSO-Balloon Pathfinder for the JEM-EUSO Program
    • Adams J.H.
    • Ahmad S.
    • Allard D.
    • Anzalone A.
    • Bacholle S.
    • Barrillon P.
    • Bayer J.
    • Bertaina M.
    • Bisconti F.
    • Blaksley C.
    • Blin-Bondil S.
    • Bobík P.
    • Cafagna F.
    • Campana D.
    • Capel F.
    • Casolino M.
    • Cassardo C.
    • Catalano C.
    • Cremonini R.
    • Dagoret-Campagne S.
    • Danto P.
    • del Peral L.
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    • Díaz Damian A.
    • Dupieux M.
    • Ebersoldt A.
    • Ebisuzaki T.
    • Eser J.
    • Evrard J.
    • Fenu F.
    • Ferrarese S.
    • Fornaro C.
    • Fouka M.
    • Gorodetzky P.
    • Guarino F.
    • Guzman A.
    • Hachisu Y.
    • Haungs A.
    • Judd E.
    • Jung A.
    • Karczmarczyk J.
    • Kawasaki Y.
    • Klimov P.A.
    • Kuznetsov E.
    • Mackovjak S.
    • Manfrin M.
    • Marcelli L.
    • Medina-Tanco G.
    • Mercier K.
    • Merino A.
    • Mernik T.
    • Miyamoto H.
    • Morales de los Ríos J.A.
    • Moretto C.
    • Mot B.
    • Neronov A.
    • Ohmori H.
    • Olinto A.V.
    • Osteria G.
    • Panico B.
    • Parizot E.
    • Paul T.
    • Picozza P.
    • Piotrowski L.W.
    • Plebaniak Z.
    • Pliego S.
    • Prat P.
    • Prévôt G.
    • Prieto H.
    • Putis M.
    • Rabanal J.
    • Ricci M.
    • Rojas J.
    • Rodríguez Frías M.D.
    • Roudil G.
    • Sáez Cano G.
    • Sahnoun Z.
    • Sakaki N.
    • Sanchez J.C.
    • Santangelo A.
    • Sarazin F.
    • Scotti V.
    • Shinozaki K.
    • Silva H.
    • Soriano J.F.
    • Suino G.
    • Szabelski J.
    • Toscano S.
    • Tabone I.
    • Takizawa Y.
    • von Ballmoos P.
    • Wiencke L.
    • Wille M.
    • Zotov M.
    Space Science Reviews, Springer Verlag, 2022, 218 (1), pp.3. EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder for JEM-EUSO, the mission concept of a spaceborne observatory which is designed to observe Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR)-induced Extensive Air Showers (EAS) by detecting their UltraViolet (UV) light tracks “from above.” On August 25, 2014, EUSO-Balloon was launched from Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base (Ontario, Canada) by the balloon division of the French Space Agency CNES. After reaching a floating altitude of 38 km, EUSO-Balloon imaged the UV light in the wavelength range ∼290–500 nm for more than 5 hours using the key technologies of JEM-EUSO. The flight allowed a good understanding of the performance of the detector to be developed, giving insights into possible improvements to be applied to future missions. A detailed measurement of the photoelectron counts in different atmospheric and ground conditions was achieved. By means of the simulation of the instrument response and by assuming atmospheric models, the absolute intensity of diffuse light was estimated. The instrument detected hundreds of laser tracks with similar characteristics to EASs shot by a helicopter flying underneath. These are the first recorded laser tracks measured from a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere. The reconstruction of the direction of the laser tracks was performed. In this work, a review of the main results obtained by EUSO-Balloon is presented as well as implications for future space-based observations of UHECRs. (10.1007/s11214-022-00870-x)
    DOI : 10.1007/s11214-022-00870-x
  • Response of a CMS HGCAL silicon-pad electromagnetic calorimeter prototype to 20–300 GeV positrons
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    • Yeh C.H.
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    JINST, 2022, 17 (05), pp.P05022. The Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was built, with an electromagnetic section consisting of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each sampling layer has an hexagonal module, where a multipad large-area silicon sensor is glued between an electronics circuit board and a metal baseplate. The sensor pads of approximately 1.1 cm$^{2}$ are wire-bonded to the circuit board and are readout by custom integrated circuits. The prototype was extensively tested with beams at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron in 2018. Based on the data collected with beams of positrons, with energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV, measurements of the energy resolution and linearity, the position and angular resolutions, and the shower shapes are presented and compared to a detailed Geant4 simulation. (10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/P05022)
    DOI : 10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/P05022
  • A high-granularity timing detector for the ATLAS phase-II upgrade
    • Casado M.P.
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    • Xu T.
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Elsevier, 2022, 1032, pp.166628. The large increase of pileup interactions is one of the main experimental challenges for the HL-LHC physics programme. A powerful new way to mitigate the effects of pileup is to use high-precision timing information to distinguish between collisions occurring close in space but well-separated in time. A High-Granularity Timing Detector, based on low gain avalanche detector technology, is therefore proposed for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade. Covering the pseudorapidity region between 2.4 and 4.0, this device will improve the detector physics performance in the forward region. The typical number of hits per track in the detector was optimized so that the target average time resolution per track for a minimum-ionising particle is 30 ps at the start of lifetime, increasing to 50 ps at the end of HL-LHC operation. The high-precision timing information improves the pileup reduction to improve the forward object reconstruction, complementing the capabilities of the upgraded Inner Tracker (ITk) in the forward regions of ATLAS and leading to an improved performance for both jet and lepton reconstruction. These improvements in object reconstruction performance translate into sensitivity gains and enhance the reach of the ATLAS physics programme at the HL-LHC. In addition, the HGTD offers unique capabilities for the online and offline luminosity determination, an important requirement for precision physics measurements. (10.1016/j.nima.2022.166628)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2022.166628
  • Calibration Strategy of the JUNO-TAO Experiment
    • Xu Hangkun
    • Abusleme Angel
    • Anfimov Nikolay V.
    • Callier Stéphane
    • Campeny Agustin
    • Cao Guofu
    • Cao Jun
    • Cerna Cedric
    • Chen Yu
    • Chepurnov Alexander
    • Ding Yayun
    • Druillole Frederic
    • Fabbri Andrea
    • Fei Zhengyong
    • Gromov Maxim
    • He Miao
    • He Wei
    • He Yuanqiang
    • Hor Joseph Y.K.
    • Hou Shaojing
    • Hu Jianrun
    • Hu Jun
    • Huss Cédric
    • Ji Xiaolu
    • Jiang Tao
    • Jiang Xiaoshan
    • Jolliet Cécile
    • Li Daozheng
    • Li Min
    • Li Ruhui
    • Li Yichen
    • Liu Caimei
    • Liu Mengchao
    • Liu Yunzhe
    • Lombardo Claudio
    • Conforti Di Lorenzo Selma
    • Lu Peizhi
    • Luo Guang
    • M. Mari Stefano
    • Ma Xiaoyan
    • Montini Paolo
    • Ochoa-Ricoux Juan Pedro
    • Pei Yatian
    • Perrot Frédéric
    • Petrucci Fabrizio
    • Qian Xiaohui
    • Rebii Abdel
    • Roskovec Bedr̆ich
    • Rybnikov Arsenij
    • Steiger Hans
    • Sun Xilei
    • Walker Pablo
    • Wang Derun
    • Wang Meifen
    • Wang Wei
    • Wang Zhimin
    • Wu Diru
    • Xiao Xiang
    • Xie Yuguang
    • Xie Zhangquan
    • Yan Wenqi
    • Yang Huan
    • Yao Haifeng
    • Ye Mei
    • Yuan Chengzhuo
    • Zamogilnyi Kirill
    • Zhan Liang
    • Zhang Jie
    • Zhang Shuihan
    • Zhao Rong
    Eur.Phys.J.C, 2022, 82 (12), pp.1112. The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (JUNO-TAO, or TAO) is a satellite detector for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). Located near the Taishan reactor, TAO independently measures the reactor's antineutrino energy spectrum with unprecedented energy resolution. To achieve this goal, energy response must be well calibrated. Using the Automated Calibration Unit (ACU) and the Cable Loop System (CLS) of TAO, multiple radioactive sources are deployed to various positions in the detector to perform a precise calibration of energy response. The non-linear energy response can be controlled within 0.6% with different energy points of these radioactive sources. It can be further improved by using $^{12}\rm B$ decay signals produced by cosmic muons. Through the energy non-uniformity calibration, residual non-uniformity is less than 0.2%. The energy resolution degradation and energy bias caused by the residual non-uniformity can be controlled within 0.05% and 0.3%, respectively. In addition, the stability of other detector parameters, such as the gain of each silicon photo-multiplier, can be monitored with a special ultraviolet LED calibration system. (10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11069-3)
    DOI : 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11069-3
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