Publications

2020

• Localized rainbows in the QCD phase diagram
  
  • Maelger J.
  • Reinosa U.
  • Serreau J.
  Physical Review D, American Physical Society, 2020, 101 (1), pp.014028. We study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with light quarks using a recently proposed, small parameter approach to infrared QCD in the Landau gauge. This is based on an expansion with respect to both the inverse number of colors and the pure Yang-Mills coupling in the presence of a Curci-Ferrari mass term. At leading order, this leads to the well-known rainbow equation for the quark propagator with a massive gluon propagator and a tree-level quark-gluon vertex. We solve the latter at nonzero temperature and chemical potential using a simple semianalytic approximation known to capture the essence of chiral symmetry breaking in the vacuum. In the chiral limit, we find a tricritical point which becomes a critical end point in the presence of a nonzero bare quark mass, in agreement with the results of nonperturbative functional methods and model calculations. (10.1103/PhysRevD.101.014028)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.014028
• Diluting SUSY flavour problem on the Landscape
  
  • Dudas Emilian
  • Lamba Priyanka
  • Vempati Sudhir K.
  Physics Letters B, Elsevier, 2020, 804, pp.135404. We consider an explicit effective field theory example based on the Bousso-Polchinski framework with a large number N of hidden sectors contributing to supersymmetry breaking. Each contribution comes from four form quantized fluxes, multiplied by random couplings. The soft terms in the observable sector in this case become random variables, with mean values and standard deviations which are computable. We show that this setup naturally leads to a solution of the flavor problem in low-energy supersymmetry if N is sufficiently large. We investigate the consequences for flavor violating processes at low-energy and for dark matter. (10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135404)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135404
• $\texttt{HEPfit}$: a code for the combination of indirect and direct constraints on high energy physics models
  
  • de Blas J.
  • Chowdhury D.
  • Ciuchini M.
  • Coutinho A.M.
  • Eberhardt O.
  • Fedele M.
  • Franco E.
  • Grilli Di Cortona G.
  • Miralles V.
  • Mishima S.
  • Paul A.
  • Peñuelas A.
  • Pierini M.
  • Reina L.
  • Silvestrini L.
  • Valli M.
  • Watanabe R.
  • Yokozaki N.
  European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2020, 80 (5), pp.456. HEPfit is a flexible open-source tool which, given the Standard Model or any of its extensions, allows to (i) fit the model parameters to a given set of experimental observables; (ii) obtain predictions for observables. HEPfit can be used either in Monte Carlo mode, to perform a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of a given model, or as a library, to obtain predictions of observables for a given point in the parameter space of the model, allowing HEPfit to be used in any statistical framework. In the present version, around a thousand observables have been implemented in the Standard Model and in several new physics scenarios. In this paper, we describe the general structure of the code as well as models and observables implemented in the current release. (10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7904-z)
  DOI : 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7904-z
• Phase-Coherent Dynamics of Quantum Devices with Local Interactions
  
  • Filippone Michele
  • Marguerite Arthur
  • Le Hur Karyn
  • Fève Gwendal
  • Mora Christophe
  Entropy, MDPI, 2020, 22 (8), pp.847. This review illustrates how Local Fermi Liquid (LFL) theories describe the strongly correlated and coherent low-energy dynamics of quantum dot devices. This approach consists in an effective elastic scattering theory, accounting exactly for strong correlations. Here, we focus on the mesoscopic capacitor and recent experiments achieving a Coulomb-induced quantum state transfer. Extending to out-of-equilibrium regimes, aimed at triggered single electron emission, we illustrate how inelastic effects become crucial, requiring approaches beyond LFLs, shedding new light on past experimental data by showing clear interaction effects in the dynamics of mesoscopic capacitors. (10.3390/e22080847)
  DOI : 10.3390/e22080847
• Loop corrections to celestial amplitudes
  
  • González Hernán A.
  • Puhm Andrea
  • Rojas Francisco
  Physical Review D, American Physical Society, 2020, 102 (12), pp.126027. We study the effect of loop corrections to conformal correlators on the celestial sphere at null infinity. We first analyze finite one-loop celestial amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory and Einstein gravity. We then turn to our main focus: infrared divergent loop amplitudes in planar N=4 super–Yang-Mills theory. We compute the celestial one-loop amplitude in dimensional regularization and show that it can be recast as an operator acting on the celestial tree-level amplitude. This extends to any loop order, and the resummation of all planar loops enables us to write down an expression for the all-loop celestial amplitude. Finally, we show that the exponentiated all-loop expression given by the Bern-Dixon-Smirnov (BDS) formula gets promoted on the celestial sphere to an operator acting on the tree-level conformal correlation function, thus yielding, the celestial BDS formula. (10.1103/PhysRevD.102.126027)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.126027
• Gauges in Three-Dimensional Gravity and Holographic Fluids
  
  • Ciambelli Luca
  • Marteau Charles
  • Petropoulos P. Marios
  • Ruzziconi Romain
  Journal of High Energy Physics, Springer, 2020, 11, pp.092. Solutions to Einstein’s vacuum equations in three dimensions are locally maximally symmetric. They are distinguished by their global properties and their investigation often requires a choice of gauge. Although analyses of this sort have been performed abundantly, several relevant questions remain. These questions include the interplay between the standard Bondi gauge and the Eddington-Finkelstein type of gauge used in the fluid/gravity holographic reconstruction of these spacetimes, as well as the Fefferman-Graham gauge, when available i.e. in anti de Sitter. The goal of the present work is to set up a thorough dictionary for the available descriptions with emphasis on the relativistic or Carrollian holographic fluids, which portray the bulk from the boundary in anti-de Sitter or flat instances. A complete presentation of residual diffeomorphisms with a preliminary study of their algebra accompanies the situations addressed here. (10.1007/JHEP11(2020)092)
  DOI : 10.1007/JHEP11(2020)092
• Spontaneous Freeze Out of Dark Matter From an Early Thermal Phase Transition
  
  • Heurtier Lucien
  • Partouche Hervé
  Physical Review D, American Physical Society, 2020, 101 (4), pp.043527. We propose a new paradigm for the thermal production of dark matter in the early Universe, in which dark-matter particles acquire their mass and freeze out spontaneously from the thermal bath after a dark phase transition takes place. The decoupling arises because the dark-matter particles become suddenly nonrelativistic and not because of any decay channel becoming kinematically close. We propose a minimal scenario in which a scalar and a fermionic dark matter are in thermal equilibrium with the standard-model bath. We compute the finite temperature corrections to the scalar potential and identify a region of the parameter space where the fermionic dark-matter mass spontaneously jumps over the temperature when the dark phase transition happens. We explore the phenomenological implications of such a model in simple cases and show that the annihilation cross section of dark-matter particles has to be larger by more than 1 order of magnitude as compared to the usual constant-mass weakly interacting massive particle scenario in order to accommodate the correct relic abundance. We show that in the spontaneous freeze out regime a TeV-scale fermionic dark matter that annihilates into leptons through s-wave processes can be accessible to detection in the near future. (10.1103/PhysRevD.101.043527)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.043527
• Natural poloidal asymmetry and neoclassical transport of impurities in tokamak plasmas
  
  • Maget Patrick
  • Frank Judith
  • Nicolas Timothée
  • Agullo Olivier
  • Garbet Xavier
  • Lütjens Hinrich
  Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2020, 62 (2), pp.025001. The neoclassical transport of impurities is investigated for a plasma without toroidal rotation nor anisotropic ion temperature. It is shown that a natural poloidal asymmetry of the impurity density exists in this case, and that it can be described with a simple analytical model. The poloidal asymmetry tends naturally to cancel as the impurity profile evolves towards its steady state, so that the main effect of the poloidal asymmetry is to slow down the impurity flux compared to its predicted value without poloidal asymmetry. The contribution of the asymmetries of the electrostatic potential and of the main ion density can be included in the analytical derivation, thus forming a self-consistent description of the neoclassical impurity flux together with its poloidal distribution. Numerical simulations with a non linear fluid code confirm the analytical findings, showing that the neoclassical transport of impurities is strongly modified by its natural poloidal distribution. (10.1088/1361-6587/ab53ab)
  DOI : 10.1088/1361-6587/ab53ab
• Covariant multipole expansion of local currents for massive states of any spin
  
  • Cotogno Sabrina
  • Lorcé Cédric
  • Lowdon Peter
  • Morales Manuel
  Physical Review D, American Physical Society, 2020, 101 (5), pp.056016. We study the structure of scalar, vector, and tensor currents for on shell massive particles of any spin. When considering higher values for the spin of the particle, the number of form factors (FFs) involved in the decomposition of the matrix elements associated with these local currents increases. We identify all the fundamental structures that give rise to the independent FFs, systematically for any spin value. These structures can be conveniently organized using an expansion in covariant multipoles, built solely from the Lorentz generators. This approach allows one to uniquely identify the terms which are universal and those that arise because of spin. We derive counting rules which relate the number of FFs to the total spin j of the state, showing explicitly that these rules match all the well-known cases up to spin 2. (10.1103/PhysRevD.101.056016)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.056016
• Heterotic − type I dual pairs, rigid branes and broken SUSY
  
  • Angelantonj Carlo
  • Partouche Hervé
  • Pradisi Gianfranco
  Nuclear Physics B, North-Holland ; Elsevier [1967-....], 2020, 954, pp.114976. The moduli space of toroidal type I vacua, which are consistent at the non-perturbative level, is composed of independent branches characterized by the number (0, 16 or 32) of rigid branes sitting on top of orientifold planes. This structure persists also when supersymmetry is spontaneously broken à la Scherk–Schwarz. We show that all the components of the moduli space in dimension D≥5 indeed admit heterotic dual components, by explicitly constructing heterotic-type I dual pairs with the rank of the gauge group reduced by 0, 8 or 16 units. In the presence of spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry, the dual pairs we consider are also free of tachyonic instabilities at the one-loop level, provided the scale of supersymmetry breaking is lower than the string scale. (10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.114976)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.114976
• Weyl Symmetry in Stochastic Quantum Gravity
  
  • Baulieu Laurent
  • Ciambelli Luca
  • Wu Siye
  Classical and Quantum Gravity, IOP Publishing, 2020, 37 (4), pp.045011. We propose that the gauge principle of d-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity is Weyl invariance in its stochastic -dimensional bulk. Observables are defined as depending only on conformal classes of d-dimensional metrics. We work with the second order stochastic quantization of Einstein equations in a -dimensional bulk. There, the evolution is governed by the stochastic time, which foliates the bulk into Euclidean d-dimensional leaves. The internal metric of each leaf can be parametrized by its unimodular part and conformal factor. Additional bulk metric components are the ADM stochastic lapse and a stochastic shift. The Langevin equation determines the acceleration of the leaf as the sum of a quantum noise, a drift force proportional to Einstein equations and a viscous first order force. Using Weyl covariant decomposition, this Langevin equation splits into irreducible stochastic equations, one for the unimodular part of the metric and one for its conformal factor. For the first order Langevin equation, the unphysical fields are the conformal factor, which is a classical spectator, and the stochastic lapse and shift. These fields can be gauge-fixed in a BRST invariant way in function of the initial data of the process. One gets observables that are covariant with respect to internal reparametrization in each leaf, and invariant under arbitrary reparametrization of the stochastic time. The interpretation of physical observable at finite stochastic time is encoded in a transitory -dimensional phase where the Lorentz time cannot be defined. The latter emerges in the infinite stochastic time limit by an abrupt phase transition from quantum to classical gravity. (10.1088/1361-6382/ab6392)
  DOI : 10.1088/1361-6382/ab6392
• Heterotic orbifolds, reduced rank and $SO(2n + 1)$ characters
  
  • Partouche Hervé
  • de Vaulchier Balthazar
  International Journal of Modern Physics A, World Scientific Publishing, 2020, 35 (24), pp.2050132. The moduli space of the maximally supersymmetric heterotic string in d-dimensional Minkowski space contains various components characterized by the rank of the gauge symmetries of the vacua they parametrize. We develop an approach for describing in a unified way continuous Wilson lines which parametrize a component of the moduli space, together with discrete deformations responsible for the switch from one component to the other. Applied to a component that contains vacua with SO(2n + 1) gauge-symmetry factors, our approach yields a description of all backgrounds of the component in terms of free-orbifold models. The orbifold generators turn out to act symmetrically or asymmetrically on the internal space, with or without discrete torsion. Our derivations use extensively affine characters of SO(2n + 1). As a by-product, we find a peculiar orbifold description of the heterotic string in 10 dimensions, where all gauge degrees of freedom arise as twisted states, while the untwisted sector reduces to the gravitational degrees of freedom. (10.1142/S0217751X20501328)
  DOI : 10.1142/S0217751X20501328
• Transverse-momentum-dependent gluon distribution functions in a spectator model
  
  • Bacchetta Alessandro
  • Celiberto Francesco Giovanni
  • Radici Marco
  • Taels Pieter
  European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2020, 80 (8), pp.733. We present a model calculation of transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) of gluons in the nucleon. The model is based on the assumption that a nucleon can emit a gluon, and what remains after the emission is treated as a single spectator particle. This spectator particle is considered to be on-shell, but its mass is allowed to take a continuous range of values, described by a spectral function. The nucleon-gluon-spectator coupling is described by an effective vertex containing two form factors. We fix the model parameters to obtain the best agreement with collinear gluon distributions extracted from global fits. We study the tomography in momentum space of gluons inside nucleons for various combinations of their polarizations. These can be used to make predictions of observables relevant for gluon TMD studies at current and future collider facilities. (10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8327-6)
  DOI : 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8327-6
• Charge Distributions of Moving Nucleons
  
  • Lorcé Cédric
  Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society, 2020, 125 (23), pp.232002. We introduce relativistic charge distributions for targets with arbitrary average momentum, providing a natural interpolation between the usual Breit frame and infinite-momentum frame distributions. Among the remarkable results, we find that Breit frame distributions can be interpreted from a phase-space perspective as internal charge quasidensities in the rest frame of a localized target, without any relativistic correction. Moreover, we show that the unexpected negative center observed in the unpolarized neutron infinite-momentum frame charge distribution results from a magnetization contribution generated by the Wigner rotation. (10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.232002)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.232002
• Quantum critical scaling and holographic bound for transport coefficients near Lifshitz points
  
  • Inkof Gian Andrea
  • Küppers Joachim M.C.
  • Link Julia M.
  • Goutéraux Blaise
  • Schmalian Jörg
  Journal of High Energy Physics, Springer, 2020, 11, pp.088. The transport behavior of strongly anisotropic systems is significantly richer compared to isotropic ones. The most dramatic spatial anisotropy at a critical point occurs at a Lifshitz transition, found in systems with merging Dirac or Weyl point or near the superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition. Previous work found that in these systems a famous conjecture on the existence of a lower bound for the ratio of a shear viscosity to entropy is violated, and proposed a generalization of this bound for anisotropic systems near charge neutrality involving the electric conductivities. The present study uses scaling arguments and the gauge-gravity duality to confirm the previous analysis of universal bounds in anisotropic Dirac systems. We investigate the strongly-coupled phase of quantum Lifshitz systems in a gravitational Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model with a linear massless scalar which breaks translations in the boundary dual field theory and sources the anisotropy. The holographic computation demonstrates that some elements of the viscosity tensor can be related to the ratio of the electric conductivities through a simple geometric ratio of elements of the bulk metric evaluated at the horizon, and thus obey a generalized bound, while others violate it. From the IR critical geometry, we express the charge diffusion constants in terms of the square butterfly velocities. The proportionality factor turns out to be direction-independent, linear in the inverse temperature, and related to the critical exponents which parametrize the anisotropic scaling of the dual field theory. (10.1007/JHEP11(2020)088)
  DOI : 10.1007/JHEP11(2020)088
• Conformal symmetry and composite operators in the $O(N)^{3}$ tensor field theory
  
  • Benedetti Dario
  • Gurau Razvan
  • Suzuki Kenta
  Journal of High Energy Physics, Springer, 2020, 06 (6), pp.113. (10.1007/JHEP06(2020)113)
  DOI : 10.1007/JHEP06(2020)113
• Comparison of improved TMD and CGC frameworks in forward quark dijet production
  
  • Fujii Hirotsugu
  • Marquet Cyrille
  • Watanabe Kazuhiro
  Journal of High Energy Physics, Springer, 2020, 12, pp.181. For studying small-x gluon saturation in forward dijet production in high-energy dilute-dense collisions, the improved TMD (ITMD) factorization formula was recently proposed. In the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) framework, it represents the leading term of an expansion in inverse powers of the hard scale. It contains the leading-twist TMD factorization formula relevant for small gluon’s transverse momentum k$_{t}$, but also incorporates an all-order resummation of kinematical twists, resulting in a proper matching to high-energy factorization at large k$_{t}$. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of the ITMD formula quantitatively, for the case of quark dijet production in high-energy proton-proton(p+p) and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions at LHC energies. We do so by comparing the quark-antiquark azimuthal angle ∆ϕ distribution to that obtained with the CGC formula. For a dijet with each quark momentum p$_{t}$ much larger than the target saturation scale, Q$_{s}$, the ITMD formula is a good approximation to the CGC formula in a wide range of azimuthal angle. It becomes less accurate as the jet p$_{t}$’s are lowered, as expected, due to the presence of genuine higher-twists contributions in the CGC framework, which represent multi-body scattering effects absent in the ITMD formula. We find that, as the hard jet momenta are lowered, the accuracy of ITMD start by deteriorating at small angles, in the high-energy-factorization regime, while in the TMD regime near ∆ϕ = π, very low values of p$_{t}$ are needed to see differences between the CGC and the ITMD formula. In addition, the genuine twists corrections to ITMD become visible for higher values of p$_{t}$ in p + A collisions, compared to p+p collisions, signaling that they are enhanced by the target saturation scale. (10.1007/JHEP12(2020)181)
  DOI : 10.1007/JHEP12(2020)181
• How to generate the tip of branching random walks evolved to large times
  
  • Brunet Éric
  • Le Anh Dung
  • Mueller Alfred H.
  • Munier Stéphane
  EPL - Europhysics Letters, European Physical Society / EDP Sciences / Società Italiana di Fisica / IOP Publishing, 2020, 131 (4), pp.40002. In a branching process, the number of particles increases exponentially with time, which makes numerical simulations for large times difficult. In many applications, however, only the region close to the extremal particles is relevant (the "tip"). We present a simple algorithm which allows to simulate a branching random walk in one dimension, keeping only the particles that arrive within some distance of the rightmost particle at a predefined time $T$. The complexity of the algorithm grows linearly with $T$. We can furthermore choose to require that the realizations have their rightmost particle arbitrarily far on the right from its typical position. We illustrate our algorithm by evaluating an observable for which no other practical method is known. (10.1209/0295-5075/131/40002)
  DOI : 10.1209/0295-5075/131/40002
• Deconfined critical point in a doped random quantum Heisenberg magnet
  
  • Joshi Darshan G.
  • Li Chenyuan
  • Tarnopolsky Grigory
  • Georges Antoine
  • Sachdev Subir
  Physical Review X, American Physical Society, 2020, 10 (2), pp.021033. We describe the phase diagram of electrons on a fully connected lattice with random hopping, subject to a random Heisenberg spin exchange interaction between any pair of sites and a constraint of no double occupancy. A perturbative renormalization group analysis yields a critical point with fractionalized excitations at a nonzero critical value pc of the hole doping p away from the half-filled insulator. We compute the renormalization group to two loops, but some exponents are obtained to all loop order. We argue that the critical point pc is flanked by confining phases: a disordered Fermi liquid with carrier density 1+p for p>pc and a metallic spin glass with carrier density p for p<pc. Additional evidence for the critical behavior is obtained from a large-M analysis of a model which extends the SU(2) spin symmetry to SU(M). We discuss the relationship of the vicinity of this deconfined quantum critical point to key aspects of cuprate phenomenology. (10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021033)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021033
• Probing parton saturation with forward $Z^0$-boson production at small transverse momentum in p+p and p+A collisions
  
  • Marquet Cyrille
  • Wei Shu-Yi
  • Xiao Bo-Wen
  Physics Letters B, Elsevier, 2020, 802, pp.135253. We calculate and compare the differential cross sections for forward Z0 -boson production at small transverse momentum, in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, using both the collinear and dilute-dense factorization frameworks. In both cases, we implement a Sudakov resummation of the large logarithms generated by soft-gluon emissions, which is essential in order to describe the transverse momentum distribution of forward Z0 bosons measured at the Tevatron and the LHC. We further compute the nuclear modification factor in the dilute-dense framework, hoping to single out signals of saturation effects at small values of x . Our predictions are compared with those obtained in the collinear factorization framework, using two different nuclear parton distribution functions. (10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135253)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135253
• Transition Distribution Amplitudes : from JLab to EIC
  
  • Szymanowski L.
  • Pire B.
  • Semenov-Tian-Shansky K.
  , 2020, pp.16-19. Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes extend both the concepts of generalized parton distributions and baryon distribution amplitudes encoding valuable complementary information on the 3-dimensional hadronic structure. The recent analysis of backward meson electroproduction at JLab supports the hope to perform femto-photography of hadrons from a brand new perspective.and in particular opens a new domain for EIC experiments.
• The ghost-antighost-gluon vertex from the Curci-Ferrari model: Two-loop corrections
  
  • Barrios Nahuel
  • Peláez Marcela
  • Reinosa Urko
  • Wschebor Nicolás
  Physical Review D, American Physical Society, 2020, 102, pp.114016. The Curci-Ferrari model has been shown to provide a good grasp on pure Yang-Mills correlation functions in the Landau gauge, already at one-loop order. In a recent work, the robustness of these results has been tested by evaluating the two-loop corrections to the gluon and ghost propagators. We pursue this systematic investigation by computing the ghost-antighost-gluon vertex to the same accuracy in a particular kinematic configuration that makes the calculations simpler. Because both the parameters of the model and the normalizations of the fields have already been fixed in a previous work, the present calculation represents both a pure prediction and a stringent test of the approach. We find that the two-loop results systematically improve the comparison to Monte-Carlo simulations as compared to earlier one-loop results. The improvement is particularly significative in the SU($3$) case where the predicted ghost-antighost-gluon vertex is in very good agreement with the data. The same comparison in the SU($2$) case is not as good, however. This may be due to the presence of a larger coupling constant in the infrared in that case although we note that a similar mismatch has been quoted in non-perturbative continuum approaches. Despite these features of the SU($2$) case, it is possible to find sets of parameters fitting both the propagators and the ghost-antighost-gluon vertex to a reasonable accuracy. (10.1103/PhysRevD.102.114016)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.114016
• Valence bond fluctuations in the Kitaev spin model
  
  • Yang Fan
  • Plekhanov Kirill
  • Le Hur Karyn
  Physical Review Research, American Physical Society, 2020, 2 (1), pp.013005. We introduce valence bond fluctuations, or bipartite fluctuations associated to bond-bond correlation functions, to characterize quantum spin liquids and the entanglement properties of them. Using analytical and numerical approaches, we find an identical scaling law between valence bond fluctuations and entanglement entropy in the two-dimensional Kitaev spin model and in one-dimensional chain analogs. We also show how these valence bond fluctuations can locate, via the linear scaling prefactor, the quantum phase transitions between the three gapped and the gapless Majorana semimetal phases in the honeycomb model. We then study the effect of a uniform magnetic field along the [111] direction opening a gap in the intermediate phase which becomes topological. We still obtain a robust signal to characterize the transitions toward the three gapped phases. The area-law behavior of such bipartite fluctuations in two dimensions is also distinguishable from the one in the Néel magnetic state that follows a volume square growth. (10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013005)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013005
• Constructing Field Theories Using Quantum Simulators
  
  • Sanchez-Palencia Laurent
  Physics Magazine, American Physical Society [2008-....], 2020, 13, pp.10. Quantum simulators can help researchers extract the key parameters of a quantum field theory from experiments. (10.1103/Physics.13.10)
  DOI : 10.1103/Physics.13.10